英语论文写作2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载

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Part One　An Overview of the Essay1

Ⅰ What Is an Essay?2

1　The Basic Structure of an Essay2

2　Essays in Different Types of Writing4

1）Narration and the narrative essay4

2）Description and the descriptive essay8

3）Exposition and the expository essay9

4）Argumentation and the persuasive essay10

Ⅱ　What Is a Research Paper?11

Part Two　Writing an Essay21

Ⅰ　Planning and Shaping the Essay22

1　Choosing and Limiting a Topic22

1）Choosing a topic22

2）Limiting the topic28

2　Determining Our Purpose and Audience29

1）Determining our purpose and writing a statement of purpose29

2）Identifying our audience and adjusting our tone31

3　Gathering Material39

4　Formulating a Thesis Statement39

1）Elements of the thesis statement39

2）Functions of the thesis statement40

3）Advantages of an early thesis statement41

4）Locations of the thesis statement41

5）Some reminders when writing our thesis statement41

5　Organizing and Outlining the Essay44

1）Qualities of outline44

2）Types of outline45

3）Rules for writing an outline45

Ⅱ　Drafting the Essay52

1　Writing the Introductory Paragraph52

2　Writing the Concluding Paragraph58

3　Gaining Unity and Coherence61

4　Developing the Essay by Different Patterns of Organization68

1）Developing the essay by process-and-analysis70

2）Developing the essay by division-and-classification74

3）Developing the essay by cause-and-effect81

4）Developing the essay by comparison-and-contrast87

5）Developing the essay by exemplification95

6）Developing the essay by definition99

5　Essay Checklist108

Ⅲ　Revising the Essay109

1　Revising the Essay109

1）Revising for content and organization109

2）Revising for style110

2　Editing the Essay118

3　Dealing with the Final Draft124

4　Proofreading125

Part Three　Writing a Research Paper131

Ⅰ　Learning About the Central Information System of Modern Academic Library132

Ⅱ　Doing Prewriting Work133

1　Choosing and Limiting a Topic133

2　Doing Preliminary Reading136

3　Writing a Preliminary Bibliography150

4　Writing a Preliminary Outline and Thesis151

5　Reading and Taking Notes153

6　Revising the Outline and the Thesis156

Ⅲ　Writing the First Draft161

Ⅳ　Rewriting the Paper168

1　Revising the Draft168

2　Editing and Documenting the Paper168

1）MLA style169

2）APA style196

3）CMS style205

4）CBE style206

3　Dealing with the Final Draft216

4　Proofreading218

Part Four　Making Good Use of the Language227

Ⅰ Striving for Clarity228

Ⅱ　Striving for Accuracy231

Ⅲ　Practicing Economy233

1　Dropping Needless Repetition233

2　Avoiding Needless Expansion235

3　Removing Unnecessary Introducers236

4　Cutting Down on Prepositions236

5　Eliminating Dead Nouns237

6　Omitting the Piling-ion Words237

Ⅳ　Gaining Appropriateness243

1　Attending to Word Formality243

2　Avoiding Overwritten Style245

3　Avoiding Awkward Clichés246

4　Avoiding Abuse of Euphemisms246

Part Five　Using Punctuation Marks Correctly253

Ⅰ End Punctuation Marks254

1　Period(.)254

2 Question Mark(?)257

3 Exclamation Point(!)258

Ⅱ Internal Punctuation Marks260

1 Comma(,)260

2 Semicolon(;)268

3 Colon(:)271

4 Dash(-)277

5 Virgule(/)279

Ⅲ　Enclosing Marks281

1 Quotation Marks("")('')281

2 Parentheses(())286

3 Brackets([])290

Ⅳ Punctuation of Individual Words and of Terms292

1 Apostrophe(')292

2 Ellipsis Points(...)295

3 Hyphen(-)296

Two-Letter Abbreviations for US States299

Proofreaders'Marks300

Correction Symbols302

Bibliography304