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Discursive pragmatics:A platform for the pragmatic study of discourse&Jan Zienkowski1

Appraisal&Peter R.R.White14

1．Introduction14

2．Overview16

2.1 Attitude-the activation of positive or negative positioning16

2.1.1 Affect16

2.1.2 Judgement16

2.1.3 Appreciation17

2.1.4 Modes of activation-direct and implied17

2.1.5 Typological criteria18

2.1.6 The interplay between the attitudinal modes19

2.2 Intersubjective stance20

3．Attitudinal assessment-a brief outline21

3.1 Affect21

3.2 Judgement22

3.3 Appreciation25

4．Engagement:An overview27

4.1 Dialogic contraction and expansion28

4.2 Further resources of dialogic expansion29

4.2.1 Acknowledge30

4.2.2 Entertain30

4.3 Further resources of dialogic contraction30

4.3.1 Pronounce30

4.3.2 Concur31

4.3.3 Disclaim(Deny and Counter)31

4.3.4 Disclaim:Deny(negation)31

4.3.5 Disclaim:Counter32

4.4 Engagement resources-summary33

5．Conclusion33

Cohesion and coherence&Wolfram Bublitz37

1．Introduction37

2．Focus on form:Cohesion38

3．Cohesion as a condition for coherence40

4．Focus on meaning:Connectivity42

5．Semantic connectivity as a condition for coherence43

6．Coherence:A general view44

7．A hermeneutic,context and interpretation based view of coherence45

8．Coherence as a default assumption47

9．Perspectives47

Critical Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis&Ruth Wodak50

1．Definitions50

2．Historical note53

3．Principles of CL53

4．Trends55

4.1 Social Semiotics55

4.2 ‘Orders of discourse’and Foucauldian poststructuralism58

4.3 The socio-cognitive model60

4.4 Discourse-Historical approach61

4.5 Lexicometry62

4.6 "Lesarten"approach64

5．Conclusion65

？nonciation:French pragmatic approach(es)&Marjut Johansson ？ Eija Suomela-Salmi71

1．Introduction71

2．Historical overview-from the pre-theoretical to the present phase72

2.1 Origins and the pre-theoretical phase72

2.2 First phase:Forerunners74

2.2.1 Charles Bally(1865-1947)74

2.2.2 Gustave Guillaume(1883-1960)78

2.3 Second phase:Main theoretical foundation80

2.3.1 Emile Benveniste(1902-1976)81

2.4 Third phase:Modern developments85

2.4.1 Antoine Culioli(born in 1924)85

2.4.2 Oswald Ducrot(born in 1930)88

2.4.3 Jacqueline Authier-Revuz(born in 1940)90

3．Some basic notions92

3.1 Enunciation and enunciator92

3.2 Situation/Context93

3.3 Subjectivity and deixis93

3.4 Reported speech94

3.5 Modality and modalization95

3.6 Modalities of enunciation(modalités d'énonciation)96

3.7 Utterance modalities(modalités d'énoncé)97

Figures of Speech&Manfred Kienpointner102

1．Introduction102

2．Ancient rhetoric102

3．Contemporary treatments of FSP104

3.1 Definition of FSP104

3.2 Classification of FSP108

4．Across the lines of discipline:The cognitive and communicative role of FSP111

Genre&Anna Solin119

1．Introduction119

2．Historical precedents120

3．Genre research in language studies121

3.1 Sydney School121

3.2 New Rhetoric123

3.3 English for Specific Purposes125

4．Issues and debates127

4.1 Genre as class127

4.2 Stability of genres129

Humor&Salvatore Attardo135

1．Introduction and definition135

2．Referential and verbal humor135

3．Semantics136

3.1 The isotopy-disjunction model136

3.2 The script-based semantic theory of humor137

3.3 ‘Longer’texts138

4．The cooperative principle and humor138

4.1 Grice and Gricean analyses138

4.2 Humor as non-bona-fide communication138

4.3 Relevance-theoretic approaches to humor139

4.4 Informativeness approach to jokes141

4.5 Two-stage processing of humor142

5．Conversation analysis143

5.1 Canned jokes in conversation143

5.1.1 Preface143

5.1.2 Telling143

5.1.3 Response144

5.2 Conversational humor144

5.2.1 Functional conversational analyses144

5.2.2 Quantitative conversational analyses145

6．Sociolinguistics of humor147

6.1 Gender differences147

6.2 Ethnicity and humor148

7．Computational humor148

8．Cognitive linguistics and humor149

9．Conclusion149

Intertextuality&Stef Slembrouck156

1．From‘literature’to‘text as a productivity which inserts itself into history’156

2．Text linguistics on‘textuality’157

3．Dialogism and heteroglossia in a social-diachronic theory of discourse158

4．Volo？inov,pragmatics and conversation analysis:Sequential implicativeness and the translation of the other's perspective162

5．Synoptic and participatory views of human activity:Bakhtin,Bourdieu,sociolinguistic legitimacy(and the body)165

6．Natural histories of discourse:Recontextualization/entextualization and textual ideologies170

Manipulation&Paul Chilton176

1．The ancient technique of rhetoric176

2．The twentieth-century nightmare of‘thought control’177

3．Manipulation is not inherent in language structure179

4．So let's look at thought and social action181

4.1 Drumming it in181

4.2 Ideas that spread182

5．What might override the cheat-checker?184

6．Conclusion:Manipulation and counter-manipulation186

Narrative&Alexandra Georgakopoulou190

1．Narrative as a mode of communication190

2．Referential properties192

3．Textual properties193

3.1 Narrative organization193

3.2 Narrative evaluation196

4．Contextual properties200

Polyphony&Eddy Roulet208

1．Preliminaries208

2．Polyphony in Bakhtin's work208

3．Polyphony in Ducrot's work212

4．The description of the polyphonic organization of discourse215

5．The interrelations between polyphony and other dimensions of discourse structures218

6．Conclusion221

Pragmatic markers&Karin Aijmer ？ Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen223

1．The tradition and the present state of research on pragmatic markers223

2．Definingthe field224

3．The terminology:Pragmatic marker or discourse marker?226

4．Classification227

5．Pragmatic markers and multifunctionality228

6．Theoretical approaches to the study of pragmatic markers229

7．Methodology231

8．Pragmatic markers in the languages of the world232

9．The diachronic study of pragmatic markers234

10．The contrastive study of pragmatic markers234

11．Pragmatic markers in translation studies236

12．Pragmatic markers in native versus non-native speaker communication236

13．Pragmatic markers and sociolinguistic aspects237

14．Pragmatic markers and the future238

Public discourse&Srikant Sarangi248

1．Introduction248

1.1 Multiple readings of‘publicness’249

2．The situation-talk dialectic:‘public’as a feature of setting vs.‘public’as a feature oftalk250

2.1 (Socio)linguistic markers of public discourse250

2.2 Interaction-based approach251

3．Goffman and the public order252

4．Habermas and the public sphere253

5．Transformation of the public sphere:Public discourse as mediated communication256

5.1 The state's role in the conflation of public and private discourses in contemporary societies258

5.2 Surveillance and control:Information exchange as a site of struggle259

6．Pragmatic theories of information exchange and the public sphere:Towards a social pragmatics260

Text and discourse linguistics&Jan-Ola ？stman？Tuija Virtanen266

1．On terminology266

2．Historical overview267

3．Important fields of study269

3.1 Information structure269

3.2 Cohesion270

3.3 Coherence271

3.4 Grounding273

3.5 Discourse types and genres274

4． Other trends276

5． Applications279

5.1 Practical applications280

5.2 Acquisitional and diachronic studies280

6．Final remarks281

Text linguistics&Robert de Beaugrande286

1．The rise of text linguistics286

2．Some central issues294

Index297